{"id":8234,"date":"2026-10-27T10:40:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T03:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/?p=8234"},"modified":"2026-10-27T10:40:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T03:40:22","slug":"dinh-duong-trong-chan-nuoi-lon-ben-vung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/news\/dinh-duong-trong-chan-nuoi-lon-ben-vung\/","title":{"rendered":"Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ee3n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

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K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m protein th\u00f4 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed5 sung axit amin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i amoniac t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme ngo\u1ea1i sinh nh\u01b0 phytase, protease v\u00e0 carbohydrase gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

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B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ngu\u1ed3n carbohydrate v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, probiotic ho\u1eb7c vi khu\u1ea9n axit lactic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i m\u00f9i h\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 protein t\u1eeb c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, vi t\u1ea3o, protein \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

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1. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng do t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, nhu c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 50% (Falcon v\u00e0 ctv, 2022), g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Vastolo v\u00e0 ctv, 2024). \u00c1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (Praveen v\u00e0 ctv 2019). Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong an ninh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, chi\u1ebfm 33% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ecbt. Th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cung c\u1ea5p protein ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu (FAO, 2024).<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe: chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i (Duft, 2025). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n TA \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, qua \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (Bartlett v\u00e0 ctv, 2023).<\/p>\n

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Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (Pexas v\u00e0 ctv, 2023). Th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng (Gislason v\u00e0 ctv, 2023). Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (GHG), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (de Quelen v\u00e0 ctv, 2021).<\/p>\n

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Trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh, trong khi b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u00e0nh (SBM) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n protein ch\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ngu\u1ed3n cung kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i (Lestingi, 2024). V\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t sau thu ho\u1ea1ch (Wang v\u00e0 ctv, 2023), vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao do ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (Ibrahim v\u00e0 ctv, 2024).<\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Konieczka v\u00e0 ctv, 2021).<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c protein th\u00f4 (CP), \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ngu\u1ed3n carbohydrate v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung enzyme, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u00f9i th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng vi sinh v\u1eadt (Hossain v\u00e0 ctv, 2024). C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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B\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n, bao g\u1ed3m: t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng protein v\u00e0 axit amin, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0103n thay th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n

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2. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P T\u1ed4NG QUAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

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B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng quan t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc uy t\u00edn nh\u01b0 Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect v\u00e0 Google Scholar. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m: sustainable pig production<\/em>, pig nutrition<\/em>, dietary protein reduction<\/em>, feed additives<\/em>, nutrient excretion<\/em> v\u00e0 grain preservation<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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3. N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

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3.1. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Lindberg, 2023). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0103n (Lautrou v\u00e0 ctv, 2022).<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n thay th\u1ebf (Lestingi, 2024). Ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n. Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh b\u1ed9t cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00f4 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (Igiebor v\u00e0 ctv, 2024). Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ed1t pho trong ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi phytate, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u1edf l\u1ee3n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c enzyme ngo\u1ea1i sinh, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u00e0nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n protein ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a cao, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh axit amin c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (Nahashon v\u00e0 ctv, 2013). Do th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n, d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u (Lestingi, 2024). S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c protein thay th\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ph\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ed9t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, protein \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o, vi t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n l\u00ean men \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (Parrini, 2023).<\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed, an to\u00e0n th\u1ee9c \u0103n, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u00fang (Traynor v\u00e0 ctv, 2024). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng gi\u00e0u protein th\u00edch nghi theo v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i amoniac v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00f9i (Trabue v\u00e0 ctv, 2021). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n, ngu\u1ed3n carbohydrate v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

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3.2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n th\u00e2m canh l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1eeba CP, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3i ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong ph\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed amoniac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u00f9i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc (Vonderohe v\u00e0 ctv, 2022)<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0103n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/span>. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c protein th\u00f4 trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n carbohydrate v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ee3n (O\u2019Shea v\u00e0 ctv, 2010)<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u00e2n l\u1ee3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cho tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (McCutcheon v\u00e0 Quinn, 2020)<\/span>. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ea5p \u1edf ph\u00e2n l\u1ee3n<\/span>. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Pomar v\u00e0 ctv (2021) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 33% nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 37% ph\u1ed1t pho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i amoniac, trong khi c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed1t pho, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c protein th\u00f4 trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung axit amin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nit\u01a1, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft nit\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung axit amin (Pomar v\u00e0 ctv, 2021)<\/span>. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i 1% gi\u1ea3m protein th\u00f4 trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i amoniac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 8-12%, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m protein th\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Le Dinh v\u00e0 ctv, 2022)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u00edt protein th\u00f4, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3n con, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t axit amin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft nit\u01a1 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i amoniac, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u00f9i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/span>. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Rattigan v\u00e0 ctv (2020) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c axit amin ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a amoniac<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m protein th\u00f4 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh m\u00f9i h\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n carbohydrate trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y m\u00f9i<\/span>. Vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf l\u00faa m\u00ec b\u1eb1ng l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i protein v\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u03b2-glucan<\/span>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 Lactobacillus<\/em> v\u00e0 Bifidobacterium<\/em>, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh axit b\u00e9o d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i m\u00f9i ph\u00e2n (O\u2019Shea v\u00e0 ctv, 2010)<\/span>. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p carbohydrate c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean men l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i amoniac v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac carbohydrate<\/span>. Ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 l\u00ean men nhanh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit b\u00e9o d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt, trong khi ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 \u00edt l\u00ean men h\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n (Wilfart v\u00e0 ctv, 2007)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n nh\u01b0 enzyme, axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 men vi sinh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n. B\u1ed5 sung enzyme c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c protein v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho cao h\u01a1n trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Phytase l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed1t pho, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Enzyme protease v\u00e0 carbohydrase c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a protein, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i amoniac (Torres-Pitarch v\u00e0 ctv, 2019). Axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a enzyme, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a protein v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a axit lactic v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung L. plantarum<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t g\u00e0, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u00f9i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb protein v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y thay th\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men protein, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t (Gilbert v\u00e0 ctv, 2028).<\/span><\/p>\n

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3.3. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u01a1n 30% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t sau thu ho\u1ea1ch do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sau thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (Los v\u00e0 ctv, 2018). Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho l\u1ee3n. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n (Ziegler v\u00e0 ctv, 2021). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 xay x\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a; C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, protein, ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (Ziegler v\u00e0 ctv, 2021).<\/p>\n

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Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1edbi 14%, 15% v\u00e0 9% (Jimoh v\u00e0 ctv, 2023). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. N\u1ea5m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Fusarium spp.<\/em>, l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu ho\u1ea1ch, trong khi n\u1ea5m trong kho, bao g\u1ed3m Aspergillus<\/em> v\u00e0 Penicillium spp.<\/em>, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c khi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ea3n sinh ra \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i (Jimoh v\u00e0 ctv, 2023).<\/p>\n

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L\u1ee3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (Summers, 2024). Aflatoxin (AF), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb Aspergillus<\/em>, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gan v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Trichothecenes nh\u01b0 deoxynivalenol (DON), \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 HT-2 v\u00e0 T-2, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb Fusarium<\/em>, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0103n v\u00e0o, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a (GIT) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00f4n m\u1eeda (Meneely v\u00e0 ctv, 2023). Zearalenone (ZEN\/ZEA), c\u0169ng t\u1eeb Fusarium<\/em>, l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn estrogen, trong khi fumonisin l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan v\u00e0 th\u1eadn. Ochratoxin A (OTA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb Aspergillus<\/em> v\u00e0 Penicillium<\/em>, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho th\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 quan l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo khu v\u1ef1c (Meneely v\u00e0 ctv, 2023). Ngo\u00e0i ra, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m s\u1ea3n sinh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (Medina v\u00e0 ctv, 2017).<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c sinh h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y enzym v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p probiotic, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd enzym nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 esterase v\u00e0 oxidoreductase, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0103n v\u00e0o (Manubolu v\u00e0 ctv, 2018). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh v\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Lactobacillus<\/em>, Bacillus<\/em> v\u00e0 Saccharomyces<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m men, c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n (Clarke v\u00e0 ctv, 2018). C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (Elliott v\u00e0 ctv, 2020).<\/p>\n

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S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (Ibrahim v\u00e0 ctv, 2024). S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i hydrat h\u00f3a, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (Zhang v\u00e0 ctv, 2017). C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 thay th\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

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Theo EL-Mesery v\u00e0 ctv (2022), s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cao. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. Do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n thay th\u1ebf \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n (EL-Mesery v\u00e0 ctv, 2022).<\/p>\n

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4. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea3m protein th\u00f4, b\u1ed5 sung axit amin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu Hi\u1ec1n<\/strong>
\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT   Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed … \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":8235,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,89],"tags":[1146,1147,125],"class_list":["post-8234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news","tag-chan-nuoi-lon-ben-vung","tag-dinh-duong-trong-nuoi-lon","tag-thuoc-thu-y"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8234"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8237,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8234\/revisions\/8237"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}